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DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AN AUTOMATIC BATTERY CHARGER

ABSTRACT

The practical importance of a battery charging unit in today’s world cannot be over emphasized. This is so since these batteries or accumulators are immensely needed by automobiles and in science laboratories. This thesis describes the methodical approach to the design and construction of any battery changer. However the procedure developed cover the construction of battery charger for battery sizes ranging from 6 volts to 12 volts. The phototype of a battery charger for these ranges of battery has been implemented following the methodical approach as outlined in this thesis and its operational test results are quite satisfactory. Adequate care has been taken in the design and construction to ensure that the resultant battery charger is both reliable and easy to use.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

A battery charge is an electrical device employed in charging batteries. The batteries that are usually charged by battery chargers are the storage batteries also known as “accumulators”. The charger is made up of various Electrical and Electronic component, which for the purpose of clarity are grouped with four basic unit; They are;

The power supply unit 

The smoothing circuit 

The regulatory unit and 

The regulated D.C charging unit 

Battery chargers comes in various designs and voltage. The choice of a particular kind of charger that depends largely on the size of battery or batteries which one intends to charge. The miniature battery charger could be needed to charge batteries whose voltage ranges from 6-12 volts. The bigger battery chargers are for batteries with voltage ranging 12 – 48 volts. These are the heavy duty batteries.

The battery charger is built in such a way that it delivers a constant value of d.c current into the battery it is charging is the opposite direction from which current flows on the batteries during discharge. One cannot successfully design a battery charger without fundamental understanding of the accumulator because it also makes up the operation. Thus chapter two aimed at a brief study of the accumulator (accumulator). Chapter three deals with the power supply unit, which senses as the backbone of the battery charger and how the automated cut off is achieved. Chapter four full analysis’s the operation of a battery charger and its casing while chapter five which happen to be the last chapter aimed at concluding and summarizing what has been achieved at the and of the project.