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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background to the Study

One of the most common causes of organizational inefficiency is poor communication or interaction among and or between staff and their leaders at the upper echelon. Communication is an important factor in human relations, for without interaction, meaningful relationships would be possible and without relationships among people, communication will not be necessary. Chigodu (1998), communication is the process of transmitting and imparting information from a sender to a receiver. It is a process of transmitting meanings from sender to receiver, for an effective communication to occur the receiver must first get the information as intended by the sender. 

According to Uzor (1989), interaction in a system may be internal (that is within the organization) or external (that is outside the organization). Different types of interactions have been identified in various organizations such as oral or verbal interactions, written communications grapevine and signs or symbols. In any form of communications or interactions process, meanings are conveyed through a medium as a memorandum, a telephone call, or a conversation between two or more persons in the organization of an institution.

Meaningful interaction between the leader (principal) and teachers, and or students, can only occur through proper channels and medium of communication (Onyene, 2002). She notes that performance and expectations are transmitted upwards while suggestions flow downwards. That reports on teachers’ performances provide information required for administrative decision-making related to promotion, demotion, inservice programmes, transfers, rewards etc. That such report is channeled to higher educational personnel who may be in the ministry of education or schools’ board. Improvement, suggestion, resources and criticisms may be transmitted downward from the headteacher or some other personnel in school.
Thus, an earlier perspective (Adeleke, 1994), asserted that generally, the purpose of communication in the school is to afford the headheacher (principal or headmaster/mistress) and the teachers or students the opportunity to discuss the different aspects of the teaching or learning process and other business of the school. Both educational personnel therefore need to decide on certain arrangements or activities usually, initiates the interaction. This helps to develop a clear understanding of their responsibilities to each other. 
In this regard relevant questions may be required on the why, when, what and how of the leadership engagement. No wonder Onaderu (1990) insisted communication will be necessary to set goals of students and the expectations of their academic achievement. 
School transactions need to be communicated in verbal-oral and verbal-written forms. Both the principal and the teacher need to talk to each other. The dialogue and the teacher need to talk to each other. The dialogue between the school personnel usually services to clear uncertainties or apprehensions which the principal of headteacher may have. Dialoguing help to set the teacher at ease and to create the friendly familiar atmosphere required for effective instructional purposes in an institution (Anywnwu, 2000). For instance, teachers in the school system need to co-operate with one another for effective teaching/learning outcome; they need to adopt the intergroup relationship whereby they rub minds on crucial and nutty issues concerning the teaching and learning process.
Also, it has been said by Onyene (2005) that teachers who work together have the habit of guided practice. This, according to her, is a situation whereby teachers guide themselves on certain teaching problems and prepare to answer questions in the classroom. There should be teacher-teacher relationship if high productivity is expected from the staff; and principal and teachers should relate and be friendly if they will achieve great productivity in the school (Onyeji, 2001). He observed that experienced teachers adopt the cooperative review, which brings about the reviewing of important subject matters that will help them to teach well in the school. This is a simple but very useful informal cooperative teaching method called thinkpair-share. It was developed to assist teachers to assist the students in the classroom. 
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Ineffective team building at the primary school level by the school and unnecessary charged atmosphere in the school environment are due to lack of staff interaction. Schools where there are rancour, bad politics and segregation amongst the entire rank and file of the workforce there would be inadequate love, mutual understanding which may lead to inadequate principal-teachers relationship, teacher – teacher relationship, teachers – students relationship which often results to backwardness and stuntedness in the school.
Inadequate interaction in the school amongst staff, can affect teachers’ work performance, principals’ leadership roles and students’ academic achievement in the school, and can adversely affect the school – community relationship. This study therefore examines staff interaction co-operation and effectively team building at the primary school level in Lagos State. Inadequate interaction in the school amongst staff, can affect teachers’ work performance, principals’ leadership roles and students’ academic achievement in the school, and can adversely affect the school – community relationship. This study therefore examines staff interaction co-operation and effectively team building at the primary school level in Lagos State.
This study therefore investigates staff interactive co-operation and effective team building in Lagos State primary schools. 
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The objective of this study are:
(i) to ascertain whether there is effective interaction and co-operation among primary school teachers;
(ii) examine whether there is intergoup relationship between the performance of teachers who interact cooperatively and those who do not;
(iii) assess the extent to which interactive cooperation of primary school teachers influence team building. 
1.4 Research Questions
The following research questions were raised for the conduct of this study:
(i) Is there any effective interaction amongst primary school teacher?
(ii) Will mutual cooperation among teachers at the primary school affect their work performance?
(iii) Will teacher – teacher relationship affect their team building at the primary school level? 
1.5 Research Hypothesis
The following research hypotheses were formulated in this study thus:
(i) There will be no significant influence of interaction on teachers’ work performance at the primary school levels.
(ii) There will be no significant gender difference in the interaction co-operation of teachers at the primary school level.
(iii) There will be no significant difference between the work attitude of primary school teachers, who interacted and those who did not. 
1.6 Significance of the Study
The study is beneficial in many ways especially to the following individuals: Teachers will capture the essence of interaction and co-operation through the findings and recommendations of this study. It will help them to imbibe the culture of communicating with others in the school for effective productivity and building of good team work in school.
Parents would be able to understand through this study that to interact and communicate even amongst other teachers will bring about effective cooperation and mutual understanding which will enable students to perform well in the school. This is because if teachers corporate and interaction effectively, there will be good team and by working well, their students’ academic performance will improve tremendously. 
The school authority will know the deeper essence of creating a school atmosphere that gives the teachers the opportunity to interact and co-operate work in order to ensure team work in the school. His team work amongst teachers, teachers’ morals would be boosted for effective work on productivity in the schools. 
Government will through this study understand the importance teachers’ interaction and co-operation. Not only that, this study will help the government to be able to know that good school climate will ensure teachers’ team work in the school. 
1.7 Scope of the Study
The study covers the investigation into staff interactive co-operation and effective team building among primary school teachers in selected secondary schools in Mainland Local Government Area of Lagos. 
1.8 Definitions of Terms
Operational terms were defined in this study as follows:
(i) Staff Cooperation: This refers to the ability to communicate and relate with one another by staff in any organization or institution. Staff cooperation among teachers brings about healthy school environment and effective work performance.
(ii) Staff Interaction: This means effective communication among members of staff in any given school environment or setting. Interaction could be in form of friendliness or cordial relationship that exists among staff (teachers).
(iii) Staff Intervention: This refers to the mutual activities that exist in the school among teachers or staff. It is the activities carried out in the school, in which staff assists themselves in the process of teaching and learning.
(iv) Investigation: This means making a research on something in order to find out the fact of the matter.
(v) Opportunity: This refers to a time, juncture or condition of things favourable to an end or purpose, or admitting being done or affected; occasion or chance.
(vi) Academic Performance: This refers to level or rate at which students’ outcomes are measured in the school during a particular school period in a particular subject or course of study.

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