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Attitude of parents towards the education of the girl child in tertiary institutions..

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
Research has determined that parental attitude and support has a great deal of influence on the education of the girl child in tertiary institution. Parents are mainly influenced by traditional beliefs regarding the ideal roles of women and girls in the society. Traditionally, the only roles available to women were those of wives and mothers. Women were thus seen as nurturers and mainly as providing support for men who worked to provide for the family.
Being physically weaker, women were therefore also perceived being less Capable and requiring the protection and guidance of men. These attitudes have prevailed even in current times when socio-economic changes have made tertiary education necessary, not just for the purpose of providing income earning opportunities with the degrees but also for the potential to contribute to the improvement in the standards of living of individuals, families and communities. These traditional beliefs have been found to foster negative attitudes which limit parents and even community support for the education of the girl child in the tertiary institutions. Identification and examination of these attitudes is necessary before any decision can be made on what should and can be done to bring about change. However, it is an indisputable fact that without parents support, any efforts to improve girls participation and the number of females in tertiary institutions, will be greatly hampered.
It was the opinion of many of those who participated in the study that one of the main reasons for the low enrollment of female children in tertiary institutions is because of this negative attitude. This negative attitude was attributed to traditional socio-cultural beliefs regarding gender roles and abilities.
However, the perception of women and their perceived capabilities have remained the same, i.e traditional.
Many people therefore have difficulty accepting that there is a need to equip women with the skills and knowledge necessary, through education, to enable them to take up their new roles and function effectively in the modern world.
The information  gathered from this study, specifically from discussions and interviews with parents, students and lecturers, has under lined the fact that these traditional views of women’s ideal gender roles and the perceptions of their abilities has a negative effect on parents attitude towards the education of female children in tertiary institutions.
Parents’ positive attitude towards the education of the female children cannot be over emphasized because positive attitude towards child’s education is important in determining attendance and academic achievement of the child. Hence turn bull (1983) has identified four basic parental roles – parents as educational decision makers; parents as parents; parents as teachers and parents as advocates. Hence we can see that family involvement is strongest predictor of child educational outcome.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
In Nigeria, men and women have their own role to play for the benefit of the society. Men are said to be the head of the family while the women took care of the children and house. This practice has been on for generations. If thereby stands as a draw back to girls in many fields especially in education.
Education of boys is considered more important because they are made to look after their parents and family, while the girls would be married out. This attitude of parents towards the girl child education is still very common especially in the native parts of Nigeria. Some parents still believe that secondary school education is the highest they can afford and offer their female children because they see them as temporal members of the family.
Education of boys is considered more important because they are made to look after their parents and family, while the girls would be married out. This attitude of parents towards the girl child education is still very common especially in the native parts of Nigeria. Some parents still believe that secondary school education is the highest they can afford and offer their female children because they see them as temporal members of the family.
Education of boys is considered more important because they are made to look after they parents and family while the girls are married out. Parents, especially fathers are often concerned about the continuation of their names, because in cases where a wealthy man dies his properties and assets are only shared among his male offspring’s
Recent studies have shown that the backwardness of female education in Nigeria is mostly caused by the inability of the parents to fund the education due to financial problems. But thanks to the new system of government which has enforced free education on primary and secondary schools in even down to tertiary institutions.
Females should not be denied the opportunity of tertiary education but should be considered as a positive step in building a healthy Nigeria.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS
The study is designed with the following questions to seek answers to:
What is the attitude of parents towards the education of female children in tertiary institutions?
What is the attitude of educated and non-educated parents towards the education of their female children in tertiary institutions?
What is the attitude of the society towards female education in Nigeria?
Does the attitude of parents affect their support financially and otherwise?

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The main purpose of this study is to investigate the attitude of parents towards the education of female children in tertiary institutions.
Moreover, those factors that influence the attitude of parents towards the education of their female children in tertiary institutions, and the positive effects of educating the females in the tertiary

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Positive attitudes of parents towards the education of their female children in tertiary institutions would go a long way in encouraging the girls (motivation) and this will foster them to do well academically hence self realization.
Improving female educational level has been demonstrated to have clear impacts on the health and economic future of young women, which in turn improves the prospects of the entire community. Research shows that every extra year of school for girls increases their life time income by 15%. Improving female education, and thus women earning potential, improves the standard of living for their own children, as women invest more of their income in their families than men do.
The present study aims to examine the attitude of parents today. Whether they exhibit a positive and favorable attitude towards the education of their female children as a result of increasing awareness of values of education (tertiary) through Government endeavors and initiatives and non governmental organizations.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF STUDY
The research will be carried out within Benin Metropolis (within Ugbowo) to be precise.
This is to enable the researcher get a good random sample from elites, parents and teenagers alike.
The research is restricted to just the tertiary institution i.e the attitude of parents towards the education of female children in tertiary institution.
Samples / data would be collected from the market (Uselu market) to be precise offices (University of Benin Staffs). The researcher chose the above locations because of the following reasons:
To know the different attitudes of educated and non-educated parents towards the education of their female children in tertiary institution.
And to know / ascertain the influence of socio economic background of parents on their attitudes towards the education of their female children.
In the course of the study, the researcher was faced with a lot of constraints, one of which was the belief of family matters as being private hence some parents refused to cooperate.
Another limiting factor was financial involvement in the cause of the research and also the short duration of academic session, making it difficult to combine class activitities and project work.

DEFINITION OF TERMS
Attitude:    It’s a mental position or emotional feelings about products, services, ideas, issues and institutions.
Tertiary Institutions: Higher institutions where various degrees are being awarded to students.
Parents: Both father and mother.
Female children: The sex that bear offspring or produce egg.
Towards:   In the direction of something.

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