CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Reservoirs are forms of storages vessels. Reservoirs are used for different purposes ranging from use in the chemical industries to use in the domestic homes of different chemical and physical properties others are used for the storage of solids and semi-finished items. They are reservoirs that are designed in the form of silos for the storage of Agricultural equipments and even industries products. Some reservoirs are sued in the cryogenic storages. Storage containers that are used for storing cryogenic substances are designed 10 percent volume larger than the substance so as to reduce rapid buildup of pressure in the container. The major problems of most reservoirs are leakage. Leakage usually result when controlled resulting to the collapse of a section. It might equally result from the rushing of a part of the container.

Water is an essential resource for human survival and development. The availability of adequate and clean water supplies is critical for various domestic, agricultural, and industrial activities. In many regions, including both urban and rural areas, the challenge of water scarcity necessitates the construction and maintenance of water reservoirs. A water reservoir serves as a storage system that helps manage water supply during periods of shortage and regulates the distribution of water. This study focuses on the construction of a 500-gallon (2250 liters) water reservoir, a significant undertaking aimed at enhancing water storage capacity to meet daily needs and improve water management practices.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

In many communities, water scarcity and unreliable water supply systems pose significant challenges. The inability to store sufficient quantities of water exacerbates the problem, particularly during dry seasons or periods of peak demand. The lack of adequate water storage infrastructure can lead to water shortages, negatively impacting domestic chores, agricultural productivity, and industrial operations. Therefore, constructing a water reservoir that can hold 500 gallons (2250 liters) of water is essential to mitigate these issues, ensuring a reliable and continuous supply of water to meet the needs of the community.

1.3 Objectives of the Study

The main objective of this study is to determine the feasibility and benefits of constructing a 500-gallon (2250 liters) water reservoir. Specific objectives include:

i. To evaluate the impact of a 500-gallon water reservoir on water availability and management within the community.

ii. To determine the cost-effectiveness of constructing and maintaining a 500-gallon water reservoir.

iii. To find out the challenges associated with the construction and operation of a 500-gallon water reservoir.

1.4 Research Questions

Based on the specific objectives, the following research questions are formulated:

i. What is the impact of a 500-gallon water reservoir on water availability and management within the community?

ii. What is the cost-effectiveness of constructing and maintaining a 500-gallon water reservoir?

iii. How does the construction and operation of a 500-gallon water reservoir address the challenges of water scarcity?

1.5 Significance of the Study

This study is significant as it addresses the pressing issue of water scarcity by exploring the feasibility and benefits of constructing a 500-gallon water reservoir. The findings from this study will provide valuable insights into improving water storage capacity, ensuring a reliable water supply, and enhancing water management practices. Additionally, the study will inform policymakers, community leaders, and stakeholders about the cost-effectiveness and potential challenges of implementing such a water storage solution, ultimately contributing to better planning and resource allocation in water infrastructure projects.

1.6 Scope of the Study

The scope of this study is limited to the design, construction, and evaluation of a 500-gallon (2250 liters) water reservoir. The study will focus on the technical aspects of reservoir construction, including materials, design specifications, and construction techniques. Additionally, the study will assess the impact of the reservoir on water availability and management within a specific community. The geographical scope is confined to the selected community where the reservoir will be constructed, and the study period will cover the planning, construction, and initial operation phases of the reservoir.

1.7 Limitations of the Study

This study may face several limitations, including budget constraints, which could affect the quality and scope of the construction project. Time constraints may also limit the study to the initial phases of reservoir operation, potentially overlooking long-term impacts and benefits. Additionally, unforeseen environmental or technical challenges during construction could affect the project's outcome. The study may also be limited by the availability of accurate data and the willingness of community members to participate in the evaluation process.

1.8 Definition of Terms

Water Reservoir: A storage facility designed to hold water for future use, typically constructed to manage water supply during periods of shortage.

Feasibility: The practicality and viability of a proposed project or plan.

Cost-effectiveness: An assessment of whether a project or plan provides good value for the money spent, in terms of its benefits and costs.

Water Scarcity: A situation where the demand for water exceeds the available supply, leading to shortages.

Water Management: The process of planning, developing, distributing, and managing the optimum use of water resources.

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