ABSTRACT
Melon seed husk, a lignocellulosic biomass, has potential as a feedstock for biofuel production. However, its recalcitrant nature limits its digestibility and fermentability. This study investigated the effect of biomodification with Trichoderma harzianum and wheat bran supplementation on the chemical composition and in vitro gas fermentation characteristics of melon seed husk. The results showed that biomodification and wheat bran supplementation significantly improved the cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin content of melon seed husk, and enhanced its in vitro gas fermentation characteristics. The combination of biomodification and wheat bran supplementation resulted in the highest values for all parameters. This study demonstrates a sustainable approach to improving the digestibility and fermentability of melon seed husk, and highlights the potential of biomodification and wheat bran supplementation for enhancing the production of biofuels from lignocellulosic biomass.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Trichoderma harzianum, a fungus commonly found in soil and decaying organic matter (1), has been widely used in biomodification processes, including the improvement of lignocellulosic biomass for biofuel production (2). This fungus has been shown to produce extracellular enzymes that can break down cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, making it an ideal candidate for biomodification (3). In fact, studies have demonstrated that Trichoderma harzianum can improve the saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass, leading to increased biofuel production (4, 5).
Melon seed husk, an agricultural waste generated during the processing of melon seeds for oil production (6), has potential as a lignocellulosic feedstock for biofuel production. The husk is rich in cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, making it a suitable candidate for biofuel production (7). However, its recalcitrant nature limits its digestibility and fermentability, making it difficult to convert into biofuels (8). The recalcitrance of melon seed husk is due to the presence of lignin, which acts as a physical and chemical barrier, preventing the breakdown of cellulose and hemicellulose (9).
Several studies have attempted to overcome the recalcitrance of melon seed husk through various pretreatment methods, including chemical, physical, and biological treatments (10, 11). However, these methods have limitations, such as high energy requirements, chemical usage, and generation of toxic compounds (12). Therefore, there is a need for a more sustainable and efficient method for improving the digestibility and fermentability of melon seed husk.
Biomodification with Trichoderma harzianum offers a promising solution for improving the digestibility and fermentability of melon seed husk. This fungus has been shown to degrade lignin and break down cellulose and hemicellulose, making it an
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